吐魯番導游詞（通用3篇）
吐魯番導游詞 篇1
高昌城于公元前一世紀，是西漢王朝在車師前國境內的屯田部隊所建。他位于絲綢之路中心地帶，為過往的商人與旅人提供可以歇息的地方和沙漠中的必需品——水和食物。一直到十三世紀，經過多年的戰火，現在已經是殘垣斷壁了。可是對于我這個好奇心特強，又喜歡歷史的小朋友來說，這是個千載難逢的好機會啊!
“哎，不是說是個故城嗎?怎么是個博物館?”我失望得叫起來。媽媽神秘地對我說：“不要著急啊，待會兒你就知道了。”哦!原來還要坐一個觀光車進去啊。車子一轉彎，突然，高昌故城一下子出現在我的面前。太壯觀了!雖然現在只剩下殘破的圍墻和建筑，可這些用土磚建成的建筑竟能在戰火后屹立千百年而不坍塌，真是奇跡啊!精美的佛寺，考究的壁畫，類似伊斯蘭教圓頂清真寺的講經堂……這一切都能看出高昌故城以前的繁榮與昌盛。
車子一邊行進，一邊播放著故城的傳說和故事。最讓我感興趣的是西行取經的唐玄奘與高昌王麹文泰結拜為兄弟而留下的那一段千古佳話。
“哎——”這一聲嘆息包含著對歷史的惋惜與感慨。我們在贊揚古人的智慧與勇敢的時候，也應該為歷史上這些毀壞故城的暴君和探險家感到慚愧。
吐魯番導游詞 篇2
高昌故城遺址坐落在吐魯番市東面約四十公里的哈拉和卓鄉所在地附近，北距火焰山南麓的木頭溝溝口(勝金口)約6.5公里，東距鄯善縣城約55公里，屬吐魯番文物局管轄。它是古絲綢之路的必經之地和重要門戶。高昌故城的維吾爾語稱亦都護城，即"王城"之意，因為此城為高昌回鶻王國的都城，故名。
1961年被國務院公布為全國重點文保護單位。被譽為“長安遠在西域的翻版”曾經有一位考古學家這樣說“如果想知道盛唐時的長安城是什么樣，就來吐魯番的高昌故城吧，它就是唐時長安遠在西域的翻版”時光已逝千年，但當時的繁盛仍依稀可見。
高昌故城奠基于公元前一世紀，是西漢王朝在車師前國境內的屯田部隊所建。《漢書》中最早提到了“高昌壁”。《北史•西域傳》記載：“昔漢武遣兵西討，師旅頓敝，其中尤困者因住焉。地勢高敞，人庶昌盛，因名高昌”。漢、魏、晉歷代均派有戊己校尉此城，管理屯田，故又被稱為“戊己校尉城”。
公元320__年，前涼張駿在此“置高昌郡，立田地縣”(《初學記》卷八引顧野三《輿地志》)。繼之又先后為河西走廊的前奏、后涼、西涼、北涼所管轄。442年，北涼殘余勢力在沮渠無諱率領下“西逾流沙”，在此建立了流亡政權。450年，沮渠安周攻破交河城，滅車師前國，吐魯番盆地政治、經濟、文化的中心遂由交河城完全轉移到高昌城。460年，柔然人殺北涼王安周，“以闞伯周為高昌王。高昌之稱王自此始也”(《周書。高昌傳》)。
此后張、馬、麴氏在高昌相繼稱王，其中以麴氏高昌統治時間最長，達一百四十余年(499-640)。
這些“高昌王“均受中原王朝的冊封。麴伯雅還曾到隋朝長安朝覲，并娶隋華容公主為妻。
640年，唐吏部尚書侯君集帶兵統一了高昌，在此置西州，下轄高昌、交河、柳中、蒲昌、天山五縣。由侯君集所得高昌國戶籍檔案統計，當時有人口三萬七千。
八世紀末以后，吐蕃人曾一度占據了高昌。
九世紀中葉以后，漠北草原回鶻汗國衰亡后，西遷的部分余眾攻下高昌，在此建立了回鶻高昌國。其疆域最盛時包括原唐朝的西州、伊州、庭州以及焉耆、龜茲二都督府之地。此外還統有分布在羅布淖一帶的眾熨及其它一些別的民族或部落，地域范圍遠遠超過了今吐魯番盆地。1220__年，高昌回鶻臣附蒙古，成吉思汗賜回鶻高昌王為自己的第五子，并下嫁公主。
十三世紀以后，天山以北廣大地區的西北蒙古游牧貴族以海都、都哇為首發動叛亂，堅持“仍舊要生活在草原上，不能到城市地區去”，曾多次南下侵犯臣屬于元朝的回鶻高昌國，1275年一次出兵十二萬圍攻火州(高昌)達半年之久，后來亦都護(高昌王號)火赤哈爾的斤終于戰死在同海都、都哇的戰爭中。這場戰火延續四十余年之久，高昌城在戰亂中被毀。
元延祐三年至五年(1316-1318)，受元仁宗冊封繼承高王位的火赤哈爾的斤的兒子紐林的斤，在元朝的支持下，“領兵火州，復立畏兀兒城池”(《元史•巴而術阿爾忒的斤傳》)。由于高昌城在戰火中毀壞過甚，這次重建的火州城已不在高昌舊址，而在原高昌城西(今阿斯塔那居民村附近)。元朝統治瓦解后，火洲部割據處稱“地面”，故《明史》稱：“火州……東有荒城，即高昌國都”。
登高眺望，全程平面略呈不規則的正方形，布局可以分為外城、內城和宮城三部分。城垣保存較完整。
外城略呈方形，周長約五公里，占地面二百萬平方米。城墻為夯筑，墻基厚約12米，高11.5米，周長約5公里;夯土筑成，夯層厚8-12厘米，間雜少量的土坯，有清楚地夾棍眼;城垣外側有突出的垛臺一“馬面”建筑。
高昌故城外城西南角的一所寺院，占地近一萬平方米，由大門、庭院、講經堂、藏經樓、大殿、僧房等組成。從建筑特征和殘存壁畫上的聯珠紋圖案分析，其建筑年代約在公元六世紀。寺院附近還殘存一些“坊”、“市”遺址，可能是小手工業者的作坊和商業市場。外城的東南角也有一所寺院，保存有一座多邊形的塔和一個禮拜窟(支提窟)，是城內唯一保存有較好壁畫的地方。從壁畫的風格和塔的造型分析，為回鶻高昌后期(公元12-13世紀)的建筑。
內城北部正中有一平面不規則略呈正方形的小堡壘，當地叫“可汗堡”。堡內北面的高臺上有一高達十五米的夯筑方形塔狀建筑物;稍西有一座地上地下雙層建筑物，現僅存地下部分，南、西、北三面有寬大的階梯式門道供出入，規模雖不大，但與交河故城現存唐代最豪華的一所官署衙門建筑形式相同，可能是一宮殿遺址。解放前，一支德國考察隊曾在堡內東南角盜掘出一方“北涼承平三年(445)沮渠安周造寺功德碑”。沮渠安周是在高昌建立流亡政權的北涼王，據該碑推斷，此堡可能是當時的宮城，并有王室寺院。
北部的宮城內留存許多高大的殿基，一般高三米半至四米左右，可以看出其中有高達四層的宮殿建筑遺址。
高昌城北面原是一片茫茫戈壁，居民死后大都葬在這里。整個墓群從城東北一直延伸到城西北，東西長約五公里，南北寬兩公里，占地十平方公里左右。本世紀初以來，在這里發掘清理墓葬五百多座，出土文書、絲毛棉麻織物、墓志、錢幣、泥塑木雕俑、陶木器皿、繪畫、農作物、瓜果食品等各種歷史文物，數以萬計。
實地考察，證之文獻資料，高昌郡時期高昌城已經有了現存的內城。外城墻是麴氏高昌時期所建。城北郊阿斯塔那-哈拉和卓古墓群出土的屬于這一時期的文書中有“北坊中城”、“東南坊”、“西南坊”等記載，說明當時此城已經有中、外之分，東、南、西、北之別。見于文書中的城門有青陽門、建陽門、玄德門、武城門、金章門、金福門等。敦煌莫高窟藏經洞發現的《西州圖經》中記：“圣人塔，在子城東北角”，表明唐代西州城是有子城的。早期的宮城在今“可汗堡”內。麴氏高昌時期隨著外城的修建，宮城遂遷移到北部，南面而王，與隋唐時長安城的布局相似。回鶻高昌時期宮城內又曾大興土木。
漢唐以來，高昌是連接中原中亞、歐洲的樞紐。經貿活動十分活躍，世界各地的宗教先后經由高昌傳入內地，毫不夸張的說，它是世界古代宗教最活躍最發達的地方，也是世界宗教文化薈萃的寶地之一。唐代佛教高僧玄奘，為了提高佛教學水平，不畏殺身之禍，于公元620__年偷偷離開長安，出玉門，經高昌，沿絲綢中路到印度，遍游今阿富汗、巴基斯坦、印度諸國，歷時20__年。在高昌，玄奘誦經講佛，與高昌王拜為兄弟，留下一段千古佳話。
高昌故城自公元前一世紀建高昌壁，到十三世紀廢棄，使用了一千三百多年。始建時間距今已有兩千多年了。它是吐魯番地區千年滄桑的見證。
1988年被列為國家級重點文物保護單位。
吐魯番導游詞 篇3
Dear tourists
As we all know, the hottest place in the country is Turpan, and the hottestplace in Turpan is fangdangtui Huoyan mountain. In summer, the highesttemperature of Huoyanshan is above 47.8 ℃. In midsummer, when the sun is red,the earth's atmosphere is transpiration and the clouds are shrouded, which isvery spectacular.
The name of Huoyanshan → mountain characteristics
Tourists, through the window, we can see that the thing in front is like afire dragon lying in the middle of Turpan Basin. The red mountain isYanshan.
The name of Huoyanshan mainly comes from its appearance. Look! The bedrockof Huoyanshan is exposed, the reddish brown sandstone glows in the hot sun, andthe hot air is rolling up, just like thousands of flames burning. The name of"Huoyanshan" comes from this. Huoyanshan is called chishi mountain in ancientbooks, and kiziltag in Uighur language, which means red mountain. CEN Shenci, apoet of the Tang Dynasty, passed through Huoyanshan and wrote "the volcanostands out at the mouth of chitingkou, and the fire clouds are thick in May.".The mountains are full of volcanoes and the birds are flying far away. "Dare notcome". Chen Cheng, a traveler in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a poem to describeit: "a piece of smoke and a piece of red, burning to the sky. At the end ofspring, it's half as clear as summer. Who knows that there is Zhu Rong in thewest? " It can be called a vivid portrayal of Huoyanshan.
Huoyanshan is a long and narrow mountain in east-west direction, with atotal length of 98 km and a north-south width of 9 km. The general height isabout 500 meters, and the highest peak is 831.7 meters. Despite the fact thatthere is no grass on the surface of Huoyan mountain, due to crustal movement andriver cutting, there are many picturesque gullies and canyons hidden in themountain, such as Putaogou, tuyugou, taoergou, mumugou, shengjinkou Canyon, etc.In these valleys, the streams linger, the melons and fruits are fragrant, theflowers and trees are verdant, and the scenery is charming, just like the"flower and fruit dock" scene in "Huozhou".
The formation of Huoyanshan → the best observation point is shengjinkou
Perhaps some tourists will ask: How did the flame mountain form? How manyyears ago? The answer to these two questions can be traced back to 140 millionyears ago. At that time, due to the short and small folds in the front of Bogdamountain in the east of Tianshan Mountain, the crust changed, and after theHimalayan orogeny, the rudiment of the mountains gradually formed. Since then,it has experienced a long geological period, spanning several geological periodsof Jurassic, Cretaceous and tertiary, together with the special climateenvironment, showing the current geological shape.
Tourists, the best place to observe the structure of Huoyanshan isshengjinkou. Please get out of the car and take photos in front of the stonepedestal with the sign of "Huoyanshan", and then listen to my explanation.
Shengjinkou is 30 kilometers away from Turpan City in the west, connectingXinjiang with the mainland of 312 national highway, and crossing the Huoyanshanby the mugou river. Shengjinkou mountain is a precipitous place for militarystrategists since ancient times. As for the name of shengjinkou, there isanother origin: in the past, the local people called shengjinkou "seepingmouth". That's because after the water from mutugou flowed out of TianshanMountain, it became less and less. When they arrived at the Gobi desert nearshengjinkou, the water almost seeped clean, so they called it "seeping mouth".Later, people thought the name was not very auspicious, so they changed itshomonym to "shengjinkou", so it has been used to this day.
[story of Huoyanshan: myth of journey to the West → Uyghur folklore]tourists, Huoyanshan is named not only because of its unique appearance andstructure, but also because of its legendary mythology.
Journey to the west is one of the stories in which the master andapprentice of Tang monks and disciples of the Tang Dynasty are hindered fromlearning from the Buddhist scriptures in Huoyan mountain. In the 59th and 60thchapters of journey to the west, "Tang Sanzang road blocks Flame Mountain, andsun Xinger's three tune banana fan," it is written: "there is a state of Sri onthe Western Road, which is the place where the sun sets. It is commonly called"the end of the sky. ". There is a flame mountain here. It is hot all the yearround. The Flame Mountain has a flame of 800 Li, surrounded by nothing. If youcross the mountain, you will turn your copper skull and iron body into juice. "Although this description is exaggerated, the basic characteristics of hotseasons and barren grass are completely consistent with the actual situation ofHuoyanshan. It can be seen that the author did not invent it out of thinair.
In the eyes of the common people, good is the highest beauty, so the endingof the story in Huoyanshan is that justice will defeat evil, which has beendescribed in detail in Uygur folklore. It is said that a long time ago, therewas a dragon in the depths of Tianshan Mountain, which ate only boys and girls.The local top leader was determined to kill the dragon for the people, so hesent a warrior named Hala and Zhuo to subdue the dragon. After a thrillingbattle, Hara and Zhuo beat the dragon with their swords and finally subdued thedragon. After the dragon was injured, it rotated along the mountain, and thewhole mountain was dyed red by blood. Therefore, Uighur people called thismountain "Red Mountain".
Beautiful legend, profound meaning, reverie. Tourists, when we stop andthink about the flame mountain, we will feel that the wonders of Flame Mountainare not enough, and the story of Flame Mountain is endless. In order to makesure that you don't have any regrets, the next time you visit the old city ofGaochang and the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik, you have to pass by the flamemountain. Therefore, we can fully enjoy the wonderful scenery of the flamemountain from different directions. I hope the trip to flame mountain will leaveyou a good memory.